Modern theories of relations between states seem to advocate polarized worlds, where nations are either headed toward inter-civilizational clashes or liberal-democratic uniformity. Similarly, theories of globalization posit either hyperglobalization or more state-centric scenarios. While it is unlikely that such extremities are realistic, states would need to remain relevant by adopting policies that understand and embrace these tensions in a globalized world. This essay seeks to formulate a framework for understanding the role of the state in a world where borders are becoming increasingly transparent. In doing so, it adopts a multidisciplinary perspective, drawing from research in international economics, global politics, and sociology. It links theory to application by arguing that the role of the state is to address each of these rationales for state formation, in the context of globalization. As traditional rationales for state formation and existence are rapidly being redefined, states need to adapt to these altered circumstances. This essay shows that there exist policy options that would allow the state to play a central role in this transition.
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